Continued from above
This is the case law...
178 S.W. 696, *; 1915 Tex. App. LEXIS 818, **
WEBB v. WESSELL et al.
No. 1493.
COURT OF CIVIL APPEALS OF TEXAS, TEXARKANA
178 S.W. 696; 1915 Tex. App. LEXIS 818
June 23, 1915, Decided
SUBSEQUENT HISTORY: [**1] Rehearing Denied July 3, 1915.
PRIOR HISTORY: Appeal from District Court, Marion County; H. F. O'Neal,
Judge.
Action by A. J. Wessell against N. B. Webb and another. From a judgment for
plaintiff, defendant Webb appeals.
DISPOSITION: Affirmed.
CORE TERMS: dog, goats, killing, killed, kill, herd, gun, domestic animals,
duty, judgment rendered, legal right, servant, animal, credibility,
prosecuted, inclosure, attacked, barn, farm, shot
HEADNOTES: Appeal and Error -- Trial to Court -- Weight of Evidence.
In an action tried by the court, he is the exclusive judge of the
credibility of the witnesses and of the weight to be given their testimony.
Animals -- Action for Killing Dog -- Evidence.
In an action for damages for killing a dog alleged to have attacked
defendant's goats, evidence held to justify a judgment for plaintiff.
Master and Servant -- Master's Liability for Act of Servant.
In an action for damages for killing plaintiff's dog, defendant was liable,
although the killing was done by his servant in the course of defendant's
employment.
Appeal and Error -- Review -- Sufficiency of Pleadings.
On appeal, the pleadings of both parties may be considered in determining
their sufficiency to support the judgment rendered.
COUNSEL: J. H. Benefield, of Jefferson, for appellant.
Schluter & Singleton, of Jefferson, for appellee.
JUDGES: HODGES, J.
OPINIONBY: HODGES
OPINION: [*696] HODGES, J. The appellee sued the appellant, N. B. Webb, and
W. F. Palmer, in the justice court, for damages for killing his dog. He
recovered a judgment for $ 90. An appeal was prosecuted by Webb and Palmer
to the district court, where a judgment was rendered against them in favor
of the appellee for $ 100. The case was tried before the court without a
jury.
The evidence shows that the dog for which the recovery was sought was a
valuable, well-trained pointer dog, and was killed under the following
circumstances: Webb was the owner or manager of a farm situated near the
city of Jefferson, on which he kept a herd of goats. He had employed Palmer
to work upon the farm and to watch over the goats and see that they were not
molested by dogs. On Sunday, May 17, 1914, Palmer shot and killed the
appellee's dog while it [**2] was inside the inclosure containing the goats.
There was testimony tending to show that, at the time the shooting occurred,
the dog was not molesting or attempting to molest the goats. Palmer admitted
the killing, but sought to justify it upon the ground that the dog was
killed in defense of the goats. He testified, in substance, that prior to
the day the dog was killed three of the goats had been missed, and he
suspected that they had been killed by dogs, but did not know. On the
afternoon of the day of the killing the dog in controversy, in company with
another dog, had attacked one of the goats, and they were discovered in the
act of devouring it. Palmer drove them off. He then went to Webb's barn and
procured a gun, and on his return, finding this dog still in the inclosure
not a great way from the herd of goats, shot and killed him. While gone to
the barn after the gun, Palmer left his wife to stand guard over the goats
and prevent further depredations by the dogs. He insists that he did the
killing purely in defense of the flock of goats, and that this was
necessary. According to Palmer's testimony, when he went after the gun he
reported the situation to Webb and was instructed [**3] by the latter, if
the dogs were found on the goats, to kill them. Palmer further testified
that he tried to drive the dogs from the pasture; that they refused to leave
the premises, and ran off down in the field. According to the evidence, the
dog had a money value equal to the amount of the recovery. No question is
made in this appeal as to the judgment being excessive.
Webb alone has prosecuted an appeal. He urges two grounds for reversing the
judgment: (1) That, under the facts, Palmer had a legal right to kill the
dog; and (2) that the act of Palmer in killing the dog, if unlawful, was one
for which Palmer alone was responsible.
The evidence relied on by the appellee tended to show a wanton and
unjustifiable killing of the dog. That relied on for justification was
furnished by the testimony of Palmer and his wife and the appellant Webb.
All of these witnesses were deeply interested in the result of the suit; two
of them were parties defendant; and the court had a right, if he felt
justified in so doing, to reject their testimony as untrue. In trials of
this character, where the court has to judge of the facts as well as the
law, he occupies the status of a jury and is the exclusive [**4] judge of
the credibility of the witnesses and of the weight to be given their
testimony. There are no findings of fact in the record, and the judgment is
a general one. We are not, therefore, advised as to the particular grounds
upon which the court based his conclusions. We must indulge every
presumption inferable from the record in favor of the [*697] correctness of
his judgment. We cannot say, as a matter of law, that he did not refuse to
credit the testimony concerning the defense presented. But, even had he
accepted this testimony as true, we are not disposed to hold that he
committed an error for which his judgment should be reversed. The evidence
indicated that the dog was a valuable animal; that it had been rendered for
taxation as property. There was no evidence that it was vicious or addicted
to predatory habits. A dog of this character may be treated as property
owned and held upon the same plane of legal protection as other domestic
animals which are classed as property. The right of a party to kill a dog of
this character is governed by the same rules which justify the killing of
other domestic animals. It may be conceded that Palmer had the legal right
to kill this [**5] particular dog if the killing reasonably appeared to be
necessary to the protection of the herd of goats committed to his care. But
the court might have concluded from Palmer's own statements that the killing
of the dog was not necessary to that end; that ordinary prudence for the
protection of the goats, and a proper regard for the rights of the owner of
the dog, as well as humanitarian impulses, demanded a different course of
procedure. State v. Smith, 156 N.C. 628, 72 S.E. 321, 36 L. R. A. (N. S.)
910;
The second ground is no less untenable than the first. Webb had employed
Palmer to protect his goats. That was a part of the duty which Palmer had
undertaken to perform. It is therefore immaterial whether Palmer obeyed or
disobeyed Webb's instructions as to the details of his method of performing
that duty. It is sufficient, if it be shown, that the act of Palmer in
killing the dog was done in furtherance of the employer's service. T. & N.
O. Ry. Co. v. Parsons, 109 S.W. 240;
Id., 102 Tex. 157, 113 S.W. 914, 132 Am. St. Rep. 857.
It is true that, under the pleadings of the plaintiff alone, the
allegations are hardly sufficiently broad to invoke the doctrine of
respondeat [**6] superior; but those pleadings, taken together with the
facts set up in the answer, contained all of the averments necessary.
The pleadings of both parties may be considered in determining their
sufficiency to support the judgment rendered.
The judgment of the district court is affirmed.