It was already said but read the sticky, but a quick run down of common things off the top of my head, chocolate can cause cardiac arrest, salt can cause the brain to swell, grapes/raisins can kill a dog as well (forget what it does) among other things that would be common in your home, however do keep these two things in mind.
If you have a puppy syringe or even a baby one if your dog eats something poisonous you can mix half hydrogen peroxide with half water and shoot it down their throat and it will cause projectile vomit to help get the poison out of their stomach. Also if your dog eats anything that could have sharp edged from splinter bones to safety pins or glass you can take cotton balls and soak them in evaporated pet milk and feed them to your dog and it will attract the sharp object to it and help your dog pass it without it tearing into their intestines. (A vet visit would be ideal but you could do this before you go just in case...)